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| Network |
A telecommunications network is a network of telecommunications links and nodes arranged so that messages may be passed from one part of the network to another over multiple links and through various nodes.
Telecommunications network links (including their endpoints or "nodes") may in turn be built out of hierarchical transmission systems. |
| Nextel Communications |
NEXTEL Communications (Former NASDAQ: NXTL) which is now known as the Sprint Nextel Corporation was a telecommunications firm based in the United States. Known for providing a nation-wide mobile communications system. Unlike other cellular operators, NEXTEL used a Specialized Mobile Radio band (SMR) and was one of the first operators in the United States to offer a national digital cellular coverage footprint.
It had over 11 million U.S. subscribers, and in 2003, claimed to serve "198 of the top 200 U.S. markets."
NEXTEL offered pre-paid services through the Boost Mobile brand and provided services in the Philippines through the Next Mobile brand.
The company had long worked closely with a single vendor, Motorola, on both equipment and standards, though a competitor Kyocera was reported to be working on compatible handsets. The close relationship had yielded the iDEN protocol which used a time division multiple access (TDMA) technology. Some of Nextel's special features included its push-to-talk feature, which simulated the half-duplex operation of a two-way radio. A downside of this sole-source and proprietary standard had been a lack of innovation in handset size and weight, compared to mobile telephony industry trends, but this has changed. In addition, since few carriers adopted iDEN around the world, NEXTEL users have no other iDEN carriers to fallback on or roam on in the USA. In other countries there are non-NEXTEL carriers that have iDEN networks that NEXTEL users roam on. (see iDEN)
NEXTEL had a huge advantage in the U.S. push-to-talk industry, though in 2003 Verizon Wireless and Sprint PCS each launched a push-to-talk feature, with Cingular following in 2005. Since then many other cell phone providers have announced plans to launch similar half-duplex features. Nextel and Verizon had entered a legal battle in June 2003 over Verizon's advertising for their push-to-talk feature. The companies then finally reached a settlement on February 13, 2004. Early advertising for Verizon's service was heavy, but it became almost nonexistent fairly quickly — this may have been due to poor reviews of the unclear service.
Prior to its merger with Sprint, NEXTEL had announced plans in 2003 for its next generation, or 4G offerings. It was reportedly to use an extension to iDEN called WiDEN, which is also from Motorola.
NEXTEL was headquartered in Reston, a community in Fairfax County, Virginia, a suburb of Washington, DC. |
| Nokia |
Nokia Corporation is one the world's largest manufacturer of mobile telephones, with a global market share of approximately 36% in Q1 of 2007. It produces mobile phones for every major market and protocal, including GSM, CDMA and W-CDMA (UMTS). |
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